It is an open standard, distance
vector, classfull routing protocol. Rip version 2 supports classless.
It sends the complete routing table
out to all active interfaces every 30 seconds. Rip only uses hop count to determine
the best way to a remote network, but it has a maximum allowable hop count of
15 by default, meaning that 16 is deemed unreachable. RIP works well in small networks,
but it’s inefficient on large networks with slow WAN links or on networks with
a large number of routers installed.
RIP version 1, uses only classfull routing. This
means that all devices in the network must use the same subne mask. This is
because RIP version 1 doesn’t send updates with subnet mask information in tow.
RIP version 2, provides something called prefix
routing, and does send subnet mask information with the route updates. This is
called Classless Routing.
·
It
broadcasts routing updates to its neighbor router using ip 255.255.255.255.
·
Multicast
Address- 224.0.0.9
·
It
forward updates periodically and sends complete routing table to each active
interface.
·
Update
timer is 30 sec.
·
Invalid
timer is 180 sec.
·
Hold
down timer is 180 sec.
·
Flush
timer is 240 sec.
·
Metric
– Hop count
·
Max
Hop count – 15
·
By
default Max-path 4 (1 to 16)
·
AD
– 120
·
It
performs automatic route summarization with default subnet mask.
·
It
doesn’t support manual summarization.
·
It
doesn’t support manual route summarization.
·
It
support equal cost load balancing.
·
It
use bellman-ford Algorithm
·
It
use UDP port number 520
·
RIP
is an Application Layer Protocol.
·
RIP
Version 1 – Classfull, RIP Version 2 Classless
·
RIP
Version 1 doesn’t support Authentication but RIP Version 2 Supports MD5
authentication.
·
The
Network command tells the routing protocol which network to advertise.
Split-Horizon- A method of preventing
routing loops in distance-vector routing protocols by prohibiting a router from
advertising a route back onto the interface from which it was learned.
Route Poisoning- Route poisoning is a method
of preventing a network from sending packets through a route that has become
invalid. When the routing protocol detects an invalid route (such as can be caused by a severed cable or
the failure of a network node), all of the routers in the network are informed
that the bad route has a hop count of 16, which stands for infinity. This makes
all nodes on the invalid route appear infinitely distant, thereby preventing
any of the routers from sending packets over the invalid route.
Updates- Updates are sent every 30 seconds by default to the address
224.0.0.9.
Invalid Timer- Invalid timer means a timer which starts when a
router didn’t receive an update about a route in a specified time.
Holddown- The timer for holddown will be activated when the route
goes into an invalid state. This is set to 180 by default.
Flush- This timer is set to 240 seconds, when a route is 240
seconds old it is flushed from the routing table.
Differences between Rip v1 and Rip v2
Rip version1
|
Rip version2
|
Updates Broadcast
|
No
|
Multicast (No)
|
Yes
(224.0.0.9)
|
Classfull
|
Classless
|
VLSM (NO)
|
Yes
|
Manual summary (No)
|
Yes
|
Authentication (No)
|
Yes
|
Example
 | |
|
|
|
Assign ip add on required interfaces
Router (config) #host r1
r1 (config) #no ip domain look up
r1 (config) #line con 0
r1 (config) #logg syn
r1 (config) #exec-t 0 0
r1 (config) #int fa0/0
r1 (config-if) #ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1 (config-if) #no shut
r1 (config-if) #int s0/0
r1 (config-if) #ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1 (config-if) #no shut
Router (config) #host r2
r2 (config) #no ip domain look up
r2 (config) #line con 0
r2 (config) #logg syn
r2 (config) #exec-t 0 0
r2 (config) #int fa0/0
r2 (config-if) #ip add 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r2 (config-if) #no shut
r2 (config-if) #int s0/0
r2 (config-if) #ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
r2 (config-if) #no shut
r2 (config-if) #int s0/1
r2 (config-if) #ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
r2 (config-if) #no shut
Router (config) #host r3
r3 (config) #no ip domain look up
r3 (config) #line con 0
r3 (config) #logg syn
r3 (config) #exec-t 0 0
r3 (config) #int fa0/0
r3 (config-if) #ip add 30.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r3 (config-if) #no shut
r3 (config-if) #int s0/0
r3 (config-if) #ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
r3 (config-if) #no shut
Now here we will configure RIP Version 2
r1 (config) #router rip
r1 (config-router) #version 2
r1 (config-router) #network 10.1.1.0
r1 (config-router) #network 192.168.1.0
r1 (config-router) #no auto summary
r1 (config-router) #passive
interface fa0/0
r2 (config) #router rip
r2 (config-router) #version 2
r2 (config-router) #network 20.1.1.0
r2 (config-router) #network 192.168.1.0
r2 (config-router) #network 192.168.2.0
r2 (config-router) #no auto summary
r2 (config-router) #passive
interface fa0/0
r3 (config) #router rip
r3 (config-router) #version 2
r3 (config-router) #network 30.1.1.0
r3 (config-router) #network 192.168.2.0
r3 (config-router) #no auto
summary
r3 (config-router) #passive
interface fa0/0
To advertise all connected interfaces we use this command
also
Router (config) #router rip
Router (config-router)
Network 0.0.0.0
To check all the route
Router#show ip route
To check the internal rip events
Router#debug ip rip
To turn off this command
Router#undebug all
To stop automatic Summarization
Router (config) #router rip
Router (config-router) #no
auto summary
To check the RIP Timers
Router#show ip protocols
To stop update on LAN
Router (config) #router rip
Router (config-router)
#passive interface fa0/0
To clear the ip route
Router#clear ip route *
To check the load balancing
(To discover the path of a packet)
Router#Traceroute
192.168.1.1
To change the Rip Timers
Router (config) #router rip
Router (config-router) #
timers basic 10 10 10 10
(Timers basic update invalid hold
flush)
To change the maximum path value
Router (config) # router rip
Router (config-router)
#maximum path 10
To change the AD value
Router (config) # router rip
Router (config-router)
#distance 100
IP Rip authentication
We will run this command on each
routers serial interface one which we want to implement authentication.
Router (config) #key chain Mani
Router (config-keychain) #key?
<0-2147483647> key identifier
Router (config-keychain) #key 5
Router (config-keychain-key)
#key-string cisco
Remember that, Key number and key
string must match on both routers. But we can use key chain name different. Now
we will implement this authentication on the serial interface.
Router (config) #int s0/0
Router (config-if) #Ip rip authentication mode md5
Router (config-if) #ip rip
authentication key-chain Mani
Mannual route summarization
We will create some loopback on first router
r1 (config) # int loo 1
r1 (config-if) # ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1 (config-if) # int loo 2
r1 (config-if) # ip add 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
r1 (config-if) # int loo 3
r1 (config-if) # ip add 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
r1 (config-if) # int loo 4
r1 (config-if) # ip add 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
r1 (config-if) # int loo 5
r1 (config-if) #ip add
10.1.5.1 255.255.255.0
Now here we will advertise all the routes via this command
r1 (config-router) # network
0.0.0.0
This command would advertise all the
loopback interfaces to another router.
We will create some loopback on
second router
r2 (config) # int loo 1
r2 (config-if) # ip add 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r2 (config-if) # int loo 2
r2 (config-if) # ip add 20.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
r2 (config-if) # int loo 3
r2 (config-if) # ip add 20.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
r2 (config-if) # int loo 4
r2 (config-if) # ip add 20.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
r2 (config-if) # int loo 5
r2 (config-if) # ip add
20.1.5.1 255.255.255.0
Now here we will advertise all the routes via this command
r2 (config-router) # network
0.0.0.0
This command would advertise all the
loopback interfaces to another router
We will create some loopback on third
router
r3 (config) # int loo 1
r3 (config-if) # ip add 30.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r3 (config-if) # int loo 2
r3 (config-if) # ip add 30.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
r3 (config-if) # int loo 3
r3 (config-if) # ip add 30.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
r3 (config-if) #int loo 4
r3 (config-if) # ip add 30.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
r3 (config-if) # int loo 5
r3 (config-if) # ip add
30.1.5.1 255.255.255.0
Now here we will advertise all the routes via this command
r3 (config-router) #network
0.0.0.0
This command would advertise all the
loopback interfaces to another router.
Now here, once we advertise all the
routes then routing table become larger. It would use more processor and memory
of router.
To reduce the load of router here we will create manual route
summarization
r1 (config) #int s0/0
r1 (config-if) #ip summary-address rip 10.1.0.0 255.255.248.0
r1 (config) #int s0/1
r1 (config-if) #ip
summary-address rip 10.1.0.0 255.255.248.0
Now we can check the routes of r1 on another router
r2#clear ip route*
----
No comments:
Post a Comment